The effect of Russian unfriendly-country list and import ban: Gravity framework test

Abstract. Since 2021, Russia has maintained a list of unfriendly countries. This and the import ban introduced in 2014 are some main economic sanctions uses to influence trading partners. paper attempts quantify effect putting partner on countries compared Russian ban. The study data trade flows between its partners from UN COMTRADE database for select agri-food products. Employing gravity framework, we argue that added 2022 often had already lost significant part exports due introduction. Thus, such did not experience change effects Based this conclusion, limited capacity apply retaliatory measures Western regarding trade. Our results also demonstrate presence drives export studied products, while GDP plays an important role, albeit with lower magnitude. Keywords: international trade, ban, unfriendliness, model. JEL Classification: C01, C23, F14, Q1, J10, J11